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I P. L. PERRY. SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION IN). 408,513.

Patent-ed Aug. 6

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P. L. PERRY.

.2 Sheets-Sheet 2;

SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION. No. 408,513. Patented Aug. '6; 1889.

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SPECIiFICATI ION. forming part of Letters Patent N0.408,513, datedAugust 6, 1889.

Application filed August 27, 1888, Serial 1%. 283,904 (No model.)

larly set forth as applied to an electric light and power system,although it will. be readily understood that the invention is applicablein whole or in part to other systems ct electrical distribution in whichtranslating devices are employed at various points to ntilize theelectric current.

In electric-lighting systems itisnowa com- 'mon practice .to include inthe same circuit with the lamps electric motors deriving their powerfrom the same dynamo-electric machines .that supply current to thelamps. The lamps are connected either directly with the maincircuit, or,as is frequently the case,

a series of lamps are connected by a loop or branchderiv in'g currentfrom the main circuit. As it often happens that the electric motors areto be run at times-as, for example, during the day-time-when it is notdesired to burn the lights, it would be necessary either to run thelamps along tho-motors or for an attendant to visit the various stationswhen the lights are to be extinguished, in order to cut them out ofcircuit and again to place them in circuit when they are to be burned.

by present invention has [or its object, first, to provide means wherebylamps or other devices utilizing main current may be thrown into or outof circuit from a central station by the more reversal of current inthemain circuit; and afurther object of my invention is to provide meanswhereby current will be passed in one direction only through certainlamps or other translatin devices utilizing current in order that suchlamps'or devices will be unaffected by the ['DVOl'zMi oi current in themain circuit.

Figure 1 is a diagram showing-a single arelight circuit with two arelamps and-an clcctrio motor included therein, current-being in suchdirection that the motor is in operation and one of the lamps is outand. thcother isin circuit. Fig. 2 a diagram similar to Fig. l, butshowing both the lamps and motor in circuit. Fig. 3 is an enlarged viewoi my elcctroanagiietic circuit-switching de vice. Fig. 4: is a viewsimilar to Fig. 3, but with the armatur'ain.reversed position. '.Flg'.is a yiewin vol. al section through thecnd of the casing, which inpractice will be employed to inclosc tho electric-magnet and itsarmature. Fig. ii is an enlarged view of a single are lamp, my improvedmechanism for causing the flow ot' current in uniform direction throughsaid lamp being shown in elevation and in position above the lamp- Fig.

7 is a view similar to Fig. (3, but showing the parts in positionassumed when current is sc 11 in the direction reverse of that shown inFig. (l. enlarged scale, of my improved mechanism for prcvci'iting thereversal of current in the lamp or otherdevicc. Fig. 0 is fa view inhorizontal section through Fig. 8, the section bcingfakcn just bclmvthcclcctro-magnet. l ig. ll) is a view in central vertical. transversesection through Fig. 54.

I will first describe that part-oi my present invention whereby thecutting out of a lamp or other electrical translating device utilizingcurrent can be cll'cctcd by the reversal of current. in the maincircuit.

A designates the dynamo-electric machine from which current is sent'over circuit-wire b, that may contain any desired number of electricmotors M and lamps l) and l). \Vhen my invention is to be applied to anindividual.

lamp, the nmin-cirenit wire I), instead of con.- necting directly withth'ebinding-posts of the lamp, will connect with air elcctro-magnet .1),through which. current will. pass at all times. From this magnet 1)leads a portion o of the main-circuit wire that connects with one pole pof the lamp, and with thcoppositc poio p of the hnnp'connocts thesection a ctthcmain-circuit wire" Ari'lund'the lamp and connected\Vll.-ll lll0 poles thereof extend the sections S and S of theshunt-wire, and ends Fig. b is a perspective view, on an of thesesccliohs loading to suitable bindingessarv to posts 0 and 'l", arranged.in proximity to the pivoted armature 'J of the eleetro-n'iagnet. Uponthe end. oi this armature 'l is earriei'l a bridge-piece i, of stiitableconducting material, so that when the armature is in the position .shownin l igs. l and 3 the sections S andS' of the shunt-wire will hepracticall united for passage of current. This bridgepieee t is, hprel'erenee, loosely held on the end oi? the arinz'tture Tl,hy means ofset-screw f, in order to permit the hridge-pieee to n'iore readilyadjust itself to contact with the hind jug-posts at the ends of theshunt-wir seetions.

'lhe eleetro-niagnet fl) is preferably wound in sueh ma nnilir-that itsterminals shall he of like polarity, and, by preference, also, thearmature is a polarized magnet with terminals ol' opposite polarity, sothat when enrrent is sent from the dynamo-e]eetrie maehine in onedireetion to produce eorresponding polarity in the eleet r -magnet theends of the polarized armature will he oorrespondingly attracted orrepelled. Thus, for example, by reference to l igs. l. and I olf the ilrawings it will he v observed that current is passing through the maineireuit in suehdireetion as to give positive polarity to theelectromagnet, and onse uently the negative pole oi. the polarizei'larmature will he attraeted and the positive pole repellet'tin suchmanner as to eause the bridge-piece at the opposite end.

oi sueli a-rmatuie to etmneet the binding posts at theends oi theseetions h and S oi the shunt-wire. it is plain that under sueheondilio'ns eurrent passes through the main eireuit through theshunt-wire around the lamp and through the eleetro-magnet, so that thelamp will at such time be cut out. it nowit is desired to burn the lamp,it is only in,-e '=ssar to retjerseeurrent in the main eireuil, whiehcan t he OOHYUlIlGHil) done l v ehanging the main-eireuit wires at; thedynamo, as seen in Fig. L. Under this neweondition, as seen in Figs.and,-.l, the polarity oi the magnet is reversed, and the positive poleoi. the polarized armature 'l heiug attraettnl and the negative-.polebeing repelled the liridge-pieee is titted. so as to ln-eak eouneetionvhetween the sections h h" oi' the shunt.- wire. and heuee at sueh time,as shown by the arrows in l igs. 2 ainl 1, eurreul will pass through themain-eireuit wire through the eleetro-magnet, and them-e through thelamp and intiin-eireuit wire. It will the lamp into or out oi. eireuit;it is only new reverse the direction oi eurrent in the maineirenit 'Aseleetrie-moiors work in the Hillllt manner and without (hanging thedlreeiion ol' rotation irrespeelive ol' the direetion ol' eurreut. it isolivious that the re 'versal ol' eurrent is immaterial so l'a as theseare eori'weruei'l.

therel'ore l)t I l seen that when it. lSwlQh'li'ttl. either to throwlator l that. sustains the seetion u oi the main-eireuit wire; but itwill he understood, oi. course, that this is merely a matter ofconvenionee.

\Vhile my improved switeh meehanism lor eutting lamps or other devieesout of circuit is shown as applied in Figs] and l to an individual.lamp, it will, he readily understoi-id that it may he employed forcutting out loops upon which any number oi. lamps are carried.

So, also, it is apparent that my invention is applieahle iniike mannerto rotting out a lamp or series oi incandescent lamps and for cuttingout other electrical translating deviees utilizing eurrent of mainrireuit.

While I have illustrated what: I regard as the preferred form ofeleel'ro-maguet ie switeh device hirearnviugout my invention, i do notwish my invention to he 'lliltltfl'SiOUtl as restrirted theret o,sineeto the skilled eleetrieian will readily oerur many niodllit'nl ionsand details of constl'ueiioussueh, 'i'or example, as the obvious ones oiehanging the shape or eharaeter ol' the magnet and oi the armature. orof pivoting tl'e nmgnet instead of the arnne ture, or 01 the use ol. asmall i-leetrie motor with permanent lield-nniguets.

As it. is fretpientl desirable that eertain lamps or other devicesutilizing eurreui: in-. eluded in the main i-ireuit shall eontinue toopera-tewhile others are out of operation, l haveprovided improved meanswherein a uniform direction of enrrent through sut'h lamps or otherdevices shall lie retained irrespeetive oi. the reversal oi ('urrentmade in the main (il'tllli' tor the purpose ol' en t ting out otherlampsordevit-es. 'lhisimproved nieehanism is shown as applied to thelampsdesignated as it in thesever: l .ligures ol thedrawings. Theiiini'ling-posts p and p of aeh ot' thesele'impsli are provided withsuitahle wires 1 and p", the terminals olwhich wires are thrown intopropei eonneetion wit h seet ions l1 and lfoij' the main-eirenit' wiresh means ol a suitahle switch appliauee having an i-leetio magnet and itsarmature as part thereol. and operatii'ig in such manner that thepassage oi enrrent is maintained in the lamp irrespei-t ive oi ehange indirectionot' current through the main-eireuit wires. in theemlioi'limeut o! my in\ enlion illustrated in the drz'iwings the wire,F, that eonueets with the positive pole or hinding-post oi the lamp. isprovided at ils opposite end with the hraneh wires 5 and t. that connectwith the tij-rminals T and 1 al lixed to the side of the main easing .X,that serves lo inelose the mechanism. and in like manner the. wire p,that leads from the negi-itivepole or hindingposi p'ol' the lamp. isprorided at iis opposite end with liraueh wires t and vl0,leadin to theterminals .11 and if within the easing X. \Yithiuihe easing X issustained the eleetro-maguet t eonneeted in main eireuit wires 11". if,and h and the doulile liridge-pieee. this magnet heing preli-rahlv woundin sneh manner as to give like polarity to lioth its pohs'and lieneutiithis nmgnet is pivotullv mouuled upon the lnzelt'ei 20 the polarizedarmature .ll, having poles of opposite polarity, so that when current ispass lug-through main circuit and magnet Gin one piece, which whenshifted by the armature serves'to maintain uniform direction of currentthrough the lampf'and in the form illustrated" this bridge consists oftwo sets of spring-arms I and I and K and b1.

respectively against the under side of the.

terminals S and llietween the nppcrarms I and K and lower arms I and K.extends the push bar h, of suitable non-comlueting material, this pushbar being preferably passed through ahole in the end oft-he armature 1i,so as to move therewith and enable.

the armature to properly shift the bridge.

From the foregoing description it will be seen (referringpartieularly toFigs. 3 and of the drawings) that current is passing through section(Folfthemain circi'iil',through the electri'i-magnet, thence throughsection I) oi? the main circuit, thenccthrough springa-rm bf, thencethrough terminal '7 and sec tion of the wire p to the positive pole p ofthe lamp, and from the negative pole of the lamp current is passingthrough wire p branch wire 1), terminal. ll, and spring-arm l, to thesections I) of the main circuit; and it will be seen that when currentis thus passing the elcctro-magnet will be given such polarity as tohold the polarized.armature l l in the position shown, so that'thepush-bar /r at theendot thisarmaiurewill depress the arms land K. out ofcontact withthe terminals 8 and 1;, and hence it is evidcnttimtthere isno outlet for current save that above indicat-ed. ill newton-rent in themain circuit be -ri'*.vi.-rsed For the purpose oi throwing the lamps llout of circuit, the magnet ti wi' i no.

longer serveto depress the pn sh-ba r 71 and i he armature l l, andconsequent ly the spring-arms vl'and b will lwaragainsttheundersideol'the terminals Sand 1,2,and the current'bcingthus reversei'la correspimdingly-reversed polarity will be given to the magnet (i, sothat the opposite cnd oi the armature .li will be lifted, lhus servingto withd raw the spring-armsl and ii i'rom conl'z'ictwith the terminals7 and ii; hcncc'it will be seen that under this new condition currentwill now pass through sections The bent rear ends of the arms I and 1are fastll of the main circuit, through the lower sprii'ig-arm l andterminal 8 to the l'n-aach wire (3 ol" the wire p and through this wireto the positi ve pole p of the lamp, and hour the negative pole of thelamp current will pass through the wire 1) the branch wire 10, theterminal 12, and lower spring-arm k to the section b of the maincircuit, and thence through the eleetronagnet G to the section [I of themain circuit. I

It is also obvious that while current 1s; thus passing the armature Hand its push-bar h is holding the swing-arms I and h lifted out ofcontact with the terminals 7 and 11, so that the only outlet for currentis in the manner'last defined. n1 arc-light and power erris or"inumrtance that when current 15 cuit.

reversed no actual break should occ r, as

under such condition there would be danger of forming an arc, andconsequently bur ing the terminals, and it is for this reason in suchcases that i prefer to employ a double bridge-piece-such, for example,as that'abovc described-in which, when currentis to be reversed, one setof connections shall be'established before the opposite is broken.

. It will be readily understood that my invention is applicable to avariety of other uses than those specifically stated, and that variousmodifications in details of construction maybe employed withoutdeparture trom the spirit of the invention. 1

While the form of electro-nmgnetic switch shownv for throwing lamps orother devices ul ilizine' current into and out of circuit differs infunction, and somewhat in construction also, from the term ofelectro-magnetic switch shown for nmintaining a uniform passage ofcurrent through a lamp or other device, irrespeciivc of the reversal ofcurrent 111 main circuit, it will be seen that both constructionspossess alike the novel feature of an electromagnet interposed in themain circuit andan armature, said magnet and armature serving to move asuitable connecting-piece, whereby the passage of main current thrtmghcertain conductors can be determined by the reversal of current in'themain circuit; and it will be seen, also,that both constructions possessthe lwvel'i'eature of an clectro-magnet wound to give poles oi: likepolarity, combined with a polarized armature that serves to control asuitable connecting piece or ln-nlge that dirents the passage ofcurrent.

Having thus described my invention, what 1 claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters latent, is

.1. lhe combination, substantially. as set l'ortln'oi' asiuglenniin-line circuit having various devices for electricaltranslation connccled up therewith, and a station-switch in winner-lionwith any such device or a group thereof to aulrnnaticallycoutrol theelectrical supply thereto by reversal oi the line-current, the samecomprising an elecrro-magnet closed to line and having terminals of likepolarity, an isolated polarized armature in the field thereof, and alaidgepiece eontrolled by said armature to make and break theline-connection ol' the translating device or group.

2. The combination, substantially as set forth, of a single main-linecircuit having various devices for electrical translation connected uptherewith, and a station-switch in connection with any such device or agroup thereof to automatically control the electrical supply theretobyreversal. of the line-current, the same comprising an electro-magnetclosed to line and having terminals of like polarity, an isolatedpolarized armature pivoted in the lield thereol, and a bridge-piececontrolled by said armature to make and break the lineconnection of thetranslating device or group.

3. The (annbination, substantially as set forth, ol a single main-linecircuithaving va rious devices for electrical translation connected uptherewith, and a station-switch in connection with any such device or agroup thereof to automatically determine the electrical supply theretounder reversal of, the line-current, the same comprising anelectromagnet closed to line and. having terminalstrical supply thereiounder reversal of the line-current, thesame comprising an electro magnetclosed to line and having its wire coils wound to form terminals of likepolarity, an isolated polarized arn'iature pivoted in the field of saidmagnet, and abridge-piece shifting with said armature to make and breakthe line-connection of the translating device or group.

The combination, substantially as set forth, of a single main-linecircuit having various devices for electrical translation connected uptherewith, and a station-switch in connection with any such device or agroup thereot toautomatically control the electrical supply thereto byreversal of the line-current, the same comprising an electro-inagnetincluded in the main circuit and having terminals of like polarity, apolarized armature in the field thereof, and a bridgepieee controlled bysaid armature to make and break the lineconnection of the translatingdevice or group. (5. in a system of electrical distribution, thecombination, with a single 1nain-line circuit, of. a switch applianceconnected up therewith to automatically determine the direction ofelectrical supply under reversalof the linecurrent, the samecomprisingan eleetro-inagnet included in main circuit, and having terminals oflike polarity, a polarized armature in the lield tl1e r ot,'andabridge-piece controlled by said armature to change the direction ofthe. main current, substantially as ('lescribed.

- FRANK L. PEnRY.

Witnesses: l

time. I. FISHER, .'I'r., J. 11-. tktizrnx'rian.

